Mutation of a chloroplast-targeting signal in Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 impairs cell-to-cell movement and eliminates long-distance virus movement.
Identifieur interne : 000600 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000599; suivant : 000601Mutation of a chloroplast-targeting signal in Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 impairs cell-to-cell movement and eliminates long-distance virus movement.
Auteurs : Hyoun-Sub Lim [États-Unis] ; Anna Maria Vaira [Italie, États-Unis] ; Hanhong Bae [Corée du Sud] ; Jennifer N. Bragg [États-Unis] ; Steven E. Ruzin [États-Unis] ; Gary R. Bauchan [États-Unis] ; Margaret M. Dienelt [États-Unis] ; Robert A. Owens [États-Unis] ; John Hammond [États-Unis]Source :
- The Journal of general virology [ 1465-2099 ] ; 2010.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Alignement de séquences (MeSH), Chloroplastes (métabolisme), Données de séquences moléculaires (MeSH), Délétion de séquence (MeSH), Maladies des plantes (virologie), Microscopie confocale (MeSH), Mutagenèse dirigée (MeSH), Mutation (MeSH), Potexvirus (génétique), Potexvirus (pathogénicité), Protéines virales (génétique), Protéines virales (métabolisme), Rhizobium (génétique), Signaux de triage des protéines (MeSH), Séquence d'acides aminés (MeSH), Tabac (virologie), Transport des protéines (MeSH), Vecteurs génétiques (MeSH).
- MESH :
- génétique : Potexvirus, Protéines virales, Rhizobium.
- métabolisme : Chloroplastes, Protéines virales.
- pathogénicité : Potexvirus.
- virologie : Maladies des plantes, Tabac.
- Alignement de séquences, Données de séquences moléculaires, Délétion de séquence, Microscopie confocale, Mutagenèse dirigée, Mutation, Signaux de triage des protéines, Séquence d'acides aminés, Transport des protéines, Vecteurs génétiques.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Amino Acid Sequence (MeSH), Chloroplasts (metabolism), Genetic Vectors (MeSH), Microscopy, Confocal (MeSH), Molecular Sequence Data (MeSH), Mutagenesis, Site-Directed (MeSH), Mutation (MeSH), Plant Diseases (virology), Potexvirus (genetics), Potexvirus (pathogenicity), Protein Sorting Signals (MeSH), Protein Transport (MeSH), Rhizobium (genetics), Sequence Alignment (MeSH), Sequence Deletion (MeSH), Tobacco (virology), Viral Proteins (genetics), Viral Proteins (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Viral Proteins.
- chemical , metabolism : Viral Proteins.
- chemical : Protein Sorting Signals.
- genetics : Potexvirus, Rhizobium.
- metabolism : Chloroplasts.
- pathogenicity : Potexvirus.
- virology : Plant Diseases, Tobacco.
- Amino Acid Sequence, Genetic Vectors, Microscopy, Confocal, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Mutation, Protein Transport, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Deletion.
Abstract
Cell-to-cell movement of potexviruses requires coordinated action of the coat protein and triple gene block (TGB) proteins. The structural properties of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) TGB3 were examined by methods differentiating between signal peptides and transmembrane domains, and its subcellular localization was studied by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and confocal microscopy. Unlike potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, AltMV TGB3 was not associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and accumulated preferentially in mesophyll cells. Deletion and site-specific mutagenesis revealed an internal signal VL(17,18) of TGB3 essential for chloroplast localization, and either deletion of the TGB3 start codon or alteration of the chloroplast-localization signal limited cell-to-cell movement to the epidermis, yielding a virus that was unable to move into the mesophyll layer. Overexpression of AltMV TGB3 from either AltMV or PVX infectious clones resulted in veinal necrosis and vesiculation at the chloroplast membrane, a cytopathology not observed in wild-type infections. The distinctive mesophyll and chloroplast localization of AltMV TGB3 highlights the critical role played by mesophyll targeting in virus long-distance movement within plants.
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.019448-0
PubMed: 20392901
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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Bragg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruzin, Steven E" sort="Ruzin, Steven E" uniqKey="Ruzin S" first="Steven E" last="Ruzin">Steven E. Ruzin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of California-Berkeley, CNR, 381 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California-Berkeley, CNR, 381 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bauchan, Gary R" sort="Bauchan, Gary R" uniqKey="Bauchan G" first="Gary R" last="Bauchan">Gary R. Bauchan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, B-465, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, B-465, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dienelt, Margaret M" sort="Dienelt, Margaret M" uniqKey="Dienelt M" first="Margaret M" last="Dienelt">Margaret M. Dienelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owens, Robert A" sort="Owens, Robert A" uniqKey="Owens R" first="Robert A" last="Owens">Robert A. Owens</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, John" sort="Hammond, John" uniqKey="Hammond J" first="John" last="Hammond">John Hammond</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of general virology</title><idno type="eISSN">1465-2099</idno><imprint><date when="2010" type="published">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence (MeSH)</term><term>Chloroplasts (metabolism)</term><term>Genetic Vectors (MeSH)</term><term>Microscopy, Confocal (MeSH)</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data (MeSH)</term><term>Mutagenesis, Site-Directed (MeSH)</term><term>Mutation (MeSH)</term><term>Plant Diseases (virology)</term><term>Potexvirus (genetics)</term><term>Potexvirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Protein Sorting Signals (MeSH)</term><term>Protein Transport (MeSH)</term><term>Rhizobium (genetics)</term><term>Sequence Alignment (MeSH)</term><term>Sequence Deletion (MeSH)</term><term>Tobacco (virology)</term><term>Viral Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Viral Proteins (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alignement de séquences (MeSH)</term><term>Chloroplastes (métabolisme)</term><term>Données de séquences moléculaires (MeSH)</term><term>Délétion de séquence (MeSH)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (virologie)</term><term>Microscopie confocale (MeSH)</term><term>Mutagenèse dirigée (MeSH)</term><term>Mutation (MeSH)</term><term>Potexvirus (génétique)</term><term>Potexvirus (pathogénicité)</term><term>Protéines virales (génétique)</term><term>Protéines virales (métabolisme)</term><term>Rhizobium (génétique)</term><term>Signaux de triage des protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Séquence d'acides aminés (MeSH)</term><term>Tabac (virologie)</term><term>Transport des protéines (MeSH)</term><term>Vecteurs génétiques (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Viral Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Viral Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Protein Sorting Signals</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Potexvirus</term><term>Rhizobium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Potexvirus</term><term>Protéines virales</term><term>Rhizobium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Chloroplasts</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chloroplastes</term><term>Protéines virales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Potexvirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Potexvirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term><term>Tabac</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term><term>Tobacco</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Sequence</term><term>Genetic Vectors</term><term>Microscopy, Confocal</term><term>Molecular Sequence Data</term><term>Mutagenesis, Site-Directed</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Protein Transport</term><term>Sequence Alignment</term><term>Sequence Deletion</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alignement de séquences</term><term>Données de séquences moléculaires</term><term>Délétion de séquence</term><term>Microscopie confocale</term><term>Mutagenèse dirigée</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Signaux de triage des protéines</term><term>Séquence d'acides aminés</term><term>Transport des protéines</term><term>Vecteurs génétiques</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Cell-to-cell movement of potexviruses requires coordinated action of the coat protein and triple gene block (TGB) proteins. The structural properties of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) TGB3 were examined by methods differentiating between signal peptides and transmembrane domains, and its subcellular localization was studied by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and confocal microscopy. Unlike potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, AltMV TGB3 was not associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and accumulated preferentially in mesophyll cells. Deletion and site-specific mutagenesis revealed an internal signal VL(17,18) of TGB3 essential for chloroplast localization, and either deletion of the TGB3 start codon or alteration of the chloroplast-localization signal limited cell-to-cell movement to the epidermis, yielding a virus that was unable to move into the mesophyll layer. Overexpression of AltMV TGB3 from either AltMV or PVX infectious clones resulted in veinal necrosis and vesiculation at the chloroplast membrane, a cytopathology not observed in wild-type infections. The distinctive mesophyll and chloroplast localization of AltMV TGB3 highlights the critical role played by mesophyll targeting in virus long-distance movement within plants.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">20392901</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2010</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>05</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1465-2099</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>91</Volume><Issue>Pt 8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2010</Year><Month>Aug</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of general virology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Gen Virol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Mutation of a chloroplast-targeting signal in Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 impairs cell-to-cell movement and eliminates long-distance virus movement.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2102-2115</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1099/vir.0.019448-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Cell-to-cell movement of potexviruses requires coordinated action of the coat protein and triple gene block (TGB) proteins. The structural properties of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) TGB3 were examined by methods differentiating between signal peptides and transmembrane domains, and its subcellular localization was studied by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and confocal microscopy. Unlike potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, AltMV TGB3 was not associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, and accumulated preferentially in mesophyll cells. Deletion and site-specific mutagenesis revealed an internal signal VL(17,18) of TGB3 essential for chloroplast localization, and either deletion of the TGB3 start codon or alteration of the chloroplast-localization signal limited cell-to-cell movement to the epidermis, yielding a virus that was unable to move into the mesophyll layer. Overexpression of AltMV TGB3 from either AltMV or PVX infectious clones resulted in veinal necrosis and vesiculation at the chloroplast membrane, a cytopathology not observed in wild-type infections. The distinctive mesophyll and chloroplast localization of AltMV TGB3 highlights the critical role played by mesophyll targeting in virus long-distance movement within plants.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lim</LastName><ForeName>Hyoun-Sub</ForeName><Initials>HS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vaira</LastName><ForeName>Anna Maria</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CNR, Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Strada delle Cacce 73, Torino 10135, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bae</LastName><ForeName>Hanhong</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Geongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bragg</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer N</ForeName><Initials>JN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruzin</LastName><ForeName>Steven E</ForeName><Initials>SE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California-Berkeley, CNR, 381 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bauchan</LastName><ForeName>Gary R</ForeName><Initials>GR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, B-465, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dienelt</LastName><ForeName>Margaret M</ForeName><Initials>MM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Owens</LastName><ForeName>Robert A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hammond</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>USDA-ARS, Plant Sciences Institute, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, B-004, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2010</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Gen Virol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0077340</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0022-1317</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D021382">Protein Sorting Signals</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014764">Viral Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000595" MajorTopicYN="N">Amino Acid Sequence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002736" MajorTopicYN="N">Chloroplasts</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005822" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Vectors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018613" MajorTopicYN="N">Microscopy, Confocal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008969" MajorTopicYN="N">Molecular Sequence Data</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016297" MajorTopicYN="N">Mutagenesis, Site-Directed</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009154" MajorTopicYN="Y">Mutation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017863" MajorTopicYN="N">Potexvirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D021382" MajorTopicYN="Y">Protein Sorting Signals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D021381" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Transport</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012231" MajorTopicYN="N">Rhizobium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016415" MajorTopicYN="N">Sequence Alignment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017384" MajorTopicYN="N">Sequence Deletion</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014026" MajorTopicYN="N">Tobacco</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014764" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2010</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2010</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2010</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20392901</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1099/vir.0.019448-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Italie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Piémont</li></region><settlement><li>Turin</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Maryland"><name sortKey="Lim, Hyoun Sub" sort="Lim, Hyoun Sub" uniqKey="Lim H" first="Hyoun-Sub" last="Lim">Hyoun-Sub Lim</name></region><name sortKey="Bauchan, Gary R" sort="Bauchan, Gary R" uniqKey="Bauchan G" first="Gary R" last="Bauchan">Gary R. Bauchan</name><name sortKey="Bragg, Jennifer N" sort="Bragg, Jennifer N" uniqKey="Bragg J" first="Jennifer N" last="Bragg">Jennifer N. Bragg</name><name sortKey="Dienelt, Margaret M" sort="Dienelt, Margaret M" uniqKey="Dienelt M" first="Margaret M" last="Dienelt">Margaret M. Dienelt</name><name sortKey="Hammond, John" sort="Hammond, John" uniqKey="Hammond J" first="John" last="Hammond">John Hammond</name><name sortKey="Owens, Robert A" sort="Owens, Robert A" uniqKey="Owens R" first="Robert A" last="Owens">Robert A. Owens</name><name sortKey="Ruzin, Steven E" sort="Ruzin, Steven E" uniqKey="Ruzin S" first="Steven E" last="Ruzin">Steven E. Ruzin</name><name sortKey="Vaira, Anna Maria" sort="Vaira, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Vaira A" first="Anna Maria" last="Vaira">Anna Maria Vaira</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Piémont"><name sortKey="Vaira, Anna Maria" sort="Vaira, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Vaira A" first="Anna Maria" last="Vaira">Anna Maria Vaira</name></region></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bae, Hanhong" sort="Bae, Hanhong" uniqKey="Bae H" first="Hanhong" last="Bae">Hanhong Bae</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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